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- Similarity
- Continuation
- Closure
- Proximity
- Figure/Ground
- Symmetry and order
Similarity
When objects look similar people often see elements as part of a pattern or group. The different elements can be shape, colour, size, texture or value. Similarity creates a larger sense of coherence through commonality in design. Elements can be emphasised when a pattern of similarity is broken, this is called anomaly.
This is the principle of drawing the eye along a path, line or curve. It can be used to direct the eye towards the next element within the composition. Creating good form and flow. An important element of good design.
Closure
This is when objects are incomplete or the interior space of an element is not fully closed, our eyes fill in the missing information. This is used within stencilled art work but is also associated with logo forms.
Proximity
This Principle uses close arrangements of elements to create group associations between objects. similar individual elements will tend to be perceived as a whole when placed closely together instead of separate elements.
Figure and ground
Figure and ground is using white space to create a sense of depth it can give illusion to something happening within the background of an image.
Symmetry
Put simply, this principle says that a composition should not provide a sense of disorder or imbalance, as otherwise the viewer will waste time trying to locate the missing element, or fix the problem, rather than focusing on the message or instruction.
I started to mock up some versions of this idea as a layout.
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